Neurocritical care for hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: cooling and beyond

The use of therapeutic hypothermia is now the standard of care for infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Effective treatment requires early identification and safe transfer to a regional cooling centre. This article reviews some of the latest evidence from infants who have been cooled and highlights the crucial role of neurophysiology and neuroimaging in providing important diagnostic and prognostic information.