Optimising parenteral nutrition for the very preterm infant

This article reviews the relationship between neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) and early postnatal growth failure in the very preterm infant. The implications for long-term neurodevelopmental outcome for these infants are considered. The evidence base for different neonatal PN macronutrient contents, formulations and methods of administration is explored. A new concept is proposed: standardised, concentrated neonatal parenteral nutrition, to allow consistent nutrient delivery in the early neonatal period.