The use of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation to support critically ill neonates and infants

Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an evidence-based method of providing respiratory or cardiorespiratory support to patients with potentially reversible conditions who cannot be adequately or safely supported using more conventional and less invasive intensive care techniques. This article discusses the background to and evidence behind ECMO, how it works, its use with neonatal and infant patient groups and possible future uses.