In this study we collected and analysed data for extremely preterm infants receiving parental nutrition and found that hypertriglyceridemia is relatively common and occurs more often in those with lower gestational age, lower birth weight and chorioamnionitis. Elevated and recurrent high triglyceride levels are associated with higher mortality and increased risk of threshold retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment. The study recommends close triglyceride monitoring and protocol-based lipid adjustment to optimise growth while reducing complications.

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Despite strong motivation, many mothers of neonatal unit infants experience difficulty establishing or maintaining an adequate milk supply. Although comprehensive lactation support can address many of these barriers, a proportion of mothers continue to have low milk supply despite optimal non-pharmacological interventions. This review examines the physiological rationale for domperidone use, the evidence bases for efficacy, particularly in mothers of preterm infants—the evolving safety concerns that have shaped regulatory guidance, and differences between UK and international practice. A pragmatic, governance-focused approach to prescribing domperidone within neonatal services is proposed, emphasising short-term use, careful risk assessment and integration within a broader lactation support framework.

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This article describes a rare case of congenital miliary tuberculosis in a preterm infant in the UK, highlighting the diagnostic challenges posed by its non-specific presentation and rarity. It explores how changing demographics and global migration contribute to rising tuberculosis incidence in low-incidence countries, increasing the relevance of vertical transmission. Detailed maternal history, early multidisciplinary collaboration and prompt initiation of anti-tubercular therapy to improve outcomes for both mother and infant are important.

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This article assessed the incidence and antibiotic resistance patterns of infants under the age of three months in the neonatal unit of the level three neonatal unit in Middlesbrough. We provide insights in current trends in the era of established maternal intrapartum Group B Streptococcus prophylaxis and our results can aid optimising local antimicrobial stewardship programmes.

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